Traffic calming schemes were first used in the Netherlands in the mid 1970's. In Germany, in March 1977, a trial scheme in Nordrhein-Westfalen was carried out, and the success of the scheme resulted in a new traffic sign designating traffic restraint precincts, and amendment to the road traffic regulations in Germany in August 1980. Further research was started in 1981 to: find low cost and area wide measures; include main roads; examine environmental aspects; and examine all transport modes. Research in 1983 was carried out in six cities in Germany: Berlin-Moabit; Borgentreich; Buxtehude; Esslingen; Ingolstadt; and Mainz. Characteristics of these schemes include use of buses within limited speed areas, often with bus priority schemes, and clear definition of residential streets from main roads. These and other findings are very briefly described. For related work see IRRD 813019.
Samenvatting