Traffic light compliance by civilians, soldiers and military officers.

Military officers, particularly those in the chain of command, are expected to provide "a good example of virtue, honor, patriotism, and subordination"¥ (Snider, 2008). The aim of the present study was to examine the extent to which these values are reflected in the behavior that military officers exhibit crossing roads, as compared with soldiers' and civilians' road-crossing behavior. A total of 1,200 pedestrians were observed while crossing the street at an urban intersection in the center of Israel. Of these pedestrians, 594 (49.5%) were soldiers, 112 (9.33%) were officers and 488 (40.66%) were civilians. An observation grid was constructed to register pedestrians' crossing behavior. The independent variables encoded were gender, military status and military rank. The dependent variables encoded were crossing the road at a red light; crossing a busy road; running across the road; crossing the road diagonally; crossing the road without looking both ways; and crossing without first stopping at the sidewalk edge. To compare the crossing behaviors of each group of pedestrians, a summation was made for the six parameters of safe crossing. An ANOVA compared the means of unsafe road-crossing behaviors of males and females, on the one hand, and of civilians, soldiers and officers, on the other. A post hoc Scheffe test conducted on the means showed that the mean of the unsafe road-crossing behaviors of the civilians (Má=á1.55, SEá=á.04) was higher than that of the soldiers (Má=á1.35, SEá=á.04) and of the officers (Má=á1.21, SEá=á.08) pá<á.05. No significant difference was found between the means of the unsafe road-crossing behaviors of soldiers and officers, although the means of the officers' unsafe behaviors was lower than that of the soldiers. That is, both soldiers and officers exhibited road-crossing behavior that was significantly safer than that of civilians. Generally, more females waited for the green light (54.1%) than males (45.9%). No main effect of gender or interaction with belonging to the military was found. (A) Reprinted with permission from Elsevier.