Speeding is usually perceived as a minor crime but it is a major cause of road death. Reduced speeds should therefore lead to casualty reduction, and automatic speed cameras were introduced in England and Wales under the Road Traffic Act 1991 to help achieve this aim. A quasi-experimental study is described that assessed the impact of several kinds of speed camera deployment strategy in England on different types of driver. Twelve surveys were carried out in five police force areas, and more than 6800 drivers participated. While all modes of camera deployment led to power speeds, driver types who `manipulated' or `defied' the cameras were least responsive to and respectful of them. Conversely, those who described themselves as `conforming' to speed limits or `deterred' by cameras approved of them most. Background characteristics of driver types, their perceptions of camera operation and behavioural responses to cameras are discussed. The implications for speed limit enforcement and casualty reduction are considered in light of the findings. (A)
Samenvatting