Urban sprawl reduction with transportation management.

In Holland urban sprawl is growing rapidly, causing urban decay and congestion on motorways and in public transportation. Only a reduction in commuter travel speed can reduce urban sprawl and decay. This can only be done by decreasing commuter speed outside the high-speed motorways and railways. Much shorter commuting distances and less sprawl will especially result from decreasing the fraction of the commuter journey on high-speed transportation. Assuming a constant travel time budget maximisation of the slow speed fraction of the door-to-door commuter journey results in minimisation of the use of high-speed transportation. Long walking and cycling distances and low speeds on arterial roads decrease congestion and sprawl and increase traffic safety. (A)