While recent developments in telematics have produced great interest in driver distraction, this is hardly a new topic. An early UMTRI report (Treat, 1980) defined internal distraction as a diversion of attention from the driving task that is compelled by an activity or event inside the vehicle. Based on data collected in Monroe County Indiana, Treat (1980) concluded that internal distraction was a factor in 9% of in-depth reports and 6% of on-site investigations. In the period of data collection (1972-1975), conversation with a passenger and increasing use of entertainment tape decks were the major sources of distraction. Now a host of modern infotronic devices offers even greater opportunities for internal distraction (Kantowitz, 2000). Intelligent driver-vehicle interfaces present a wonderful opportunity to successfully manage this increased in-vehicle workload. This smart interface would be adaptive, making dynamic allocation of function decisions in real time. Designing such an intelligent interface presents many problems. In particular, since new infotronic devices are being developed and deployed rapidly, it seems difficult to evaluate all these new designs. This chapter focuses upon using microworlds to swiftly assess effects of in-vehicle infotronics upon driver distraction. Microworlds vary along several dimensions such as realism, tractability and engagement. The traditional driving simulator is only one example of a relevant microworld. By considering a wider range of microworlds, insight is gained into how to best utilise driving simulators. Issues of validity are also illuminated when considered from a microworld perspective. If appropriate intelligent interfaces are designed, telematics should never increase driver distraction.
Samenvatting