Within the Masterplan of Rosebud, the Department of Spatial Economics of the Free University Amsterdam has carried out a study on valuation of several external effects of transport in various countries. Before turning to the actual valuations, the authors address in Section 2 the valuation methods used, ranging from social expenditure costs and dose-response functions to willingness to pay and revealed preference approaches. In Section 3 the authors present and discuss the actual monetary valuation(s) of external effects of transport in various countries, i.e. Germany, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The external effects the authors distinguish are safety (related to traffic accidents), time (related mainly to congestion and barrier effects) and air pollution, climate change and noise. Finally, in Section 4 they summarise the results and try to draw some conclusions on why the estimates differ between countries. (Author/publisher)
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