Housewives have tended to be ignored by time valuation studies, and by the Leitch report, but study shows their travel to be of great and increasing importance. Details are given of theoretical time valuation studies, behavioural studies of transport demand, and certain criticisms of these. The data source was a series of 153 interviews of which 143 were short, 10 were in-depth using the Oxford TSU-developed household activity-travel simulator. Results were obtained using linear probability, logit and multiple regression models, informed by the theory and illuminated by instances from the in-depth interviews. Specific conclusions suggested include the following: populations of transport users for shopping vary in time values and response to stimuli, in a way masked by traditional transport demand models. Housewives have a high value of time both in theory and when questioned, during their working lives, values not revealed by demand models. Car availability distorts modelled time values and choice processes focused on time and cost. Perception bias is a result of situation and earlier choices, not a spontaneous effect. Habit is likely to cause lags and failure of effects predicted by modal split equations. Interdependence and linkages are a common phenomenon in transport demand, again altering time values and choices.
Samenvatting