The valuation of the external costs of transport, in particular environmental externalities, is a complex and challenging area. Recent and current research around the world is progressing the state-of-the-art, which will enable environmental and social externality costs to be incorporated within an expanded project evaluation approach. A set of unit values for a broad range of externality costs (including noise, air pollution, climate change, nature and landscape, and additional costs from upstream and downstream processes) for road transport is provided in this document. The ranges of unit values (and the qualifying assumptions) presented in this document are a useful starting point for information and debate on this topic. However, additional local research including sensitivity analyses is recommended to obtain values applicable to local areas and conditions for the unit cost categories that are of interest. (Author/publisher)
Samenvatting