Vehicle sanctions : an effective means to reduce impaired driving.

The use of sanctions that separate offenders from their vehicles has become more widespread in recent years in the United States as a tool to reduce alcohol and other drug impaired driving. These sanctions take various forms, including vehicle impoundment, confiscation, and immobilisation as well as license plate confiscation. New programs now allow law enforcement officers to apply the vehicle sanctions administratively, rather than through the courts. This process is faster, more efficient, and more certain. This paper describes various programs and evaluations of vehicle sanctions in the United Sates and Canada.