Das vorliegende Forschungsvorhaben diente der Ermittlung notwendiger Grundlagen zur weiteren Konkretisierung des Kapitels 9 "Strassengebundener oeffentlicher Personennahverkehr" im Handbuch fuer die Bemessung von Strassenverkehrsanlagen (HBS) der Forschungsgesellschaft fuer Strassen- und Verkehrswesen. Aufbauend auf den in der Fachliteratur vorliegenden Erkenntnissen zur Mitbenutzung von Sonderfahrstreifen (Busspuren) durch andere Fahrzeuge erfolgte zunaechst eine systematische Betrachtung der Einsatzfelder von Sonderfahrstreifen und der Merkmale des Verkehrsablaufs auf diesen. Auf Grundlage dieser Systematisierung wurden die relevanten, im Weiteren zu untersuchenden Kombinationen zusaetzlicher Nutzergruppen zum Linienbusverkehr festgelegt und konkrete Untersuchungsfaelle ausgewaehlt. Daneben wurden zur Erweiterung des Daten- und Aussagenspektrums weitere, nicht beobachtete beziehungsweise nicht beobachtbare Nutzerkombinationen simuliert. Die Systematisierung von Sonderfahrstreifen mit Linienbusverkehr nach ihrer Lage im staedtischen Netz ergab raeumlich unterschiedliche Einsatztypen, fuer die auf Grundlage der Empirie- und Simulationsergebnisse zunaechst hinsichtlich der Nutzung von Sonderfahrstreifen durch Linienbusse mit/ohne andere Fahrzeuge unterschiedliche, jeweils typische und damit im Grundsatz uebertragbare Verlaeufe von Belastungskurven dargestellt und anschliessend spezifische Qualitaetsstufeneinteilungen abgeleitet und hinsichtlich ihrer Verkehrsqualitaet bewertet wurden. Bericht zum Forschungsprojekt 77.423/1998 des Bundesministeriums fuer Verkehr, Bau- und Wohnungswesen. Titel in Englisch: Traffic quality in bus lanes when also used by other types of traffic. English abstract: The present research project serves to determine necessary fundamentals for rendering more concrete Chapter 9 "Road-bound local public transport" (Straßengebundener öffentlicher Personennahverkehr) in the surveying manual for road traffic facilities and equipment (HBS - Handbuch für die Bemessung von Straßenverkehrsanlagen) of the Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen- und Verkehrswesen (research association for road and traffic systems). Building on the information available in the specialist literature with regard to use of special traffic lanes (bus lanes) by other vehicles, there is first a systematic study of the fields of application of special traffic lanes and the characteristics of the traffic flow on these. Based on this systematisation, the relevant user groups to be investigated further in addition to bus traffic were laid down, and specific cases for investigation were selected. In addition to the information gained directly from empirical studies it was necessary to simulate further user combinations which had not been observed or which cannot be observed in order to extend the range of available data and the resulting statements which can be made. The results of the empirical investigations were used to calibrate the simulation models. Simulation of the relevant user combinations is implemented in an interactive fashion for each respective load value, and both the number of regular buses and the numbers of the other relevant types of vehicles were varied systematically. The systematisation of special traffic lanes with regular bus traffic in accordance with their location within the town network resulted in different types with regard to use which varied according to location. Different load curve progressions which were typical for the specific cases and which can therefore be applied to other comparable situations were created on the basis of the empirical and simulation results firstly with regard to the use of special traffic lanes by regular buses with/without other vehicles. Following this, specific quality grades were extrapolated and assessed with regard to their traffic quality. Transportation speed in dependence on the total traffic volume in the special traffic lanes (with or without their use by other traffic) was selected as the fundamental criterion for traffic quality in special traffic lanes used by regular buses. The question remains open as to in what form the information gained from the research project should be used in future in the manual (HBS). In this connection there exists in particular a concrete need for discussion and decision with regard to the allocation of the different quality grades to the different types of use; in the present research project other possible approaches are also presented in addition to the approach which has actually been selected. A comprehensive volume of annexes is attached to the original report. It contains additional presentations of the results of the literature study, the results of the empirical investigations and the simulation, a complete proposal for a text enabling the results of the research to be incorporated into the HBS and also notes on further subsections of the proposal for a structure for Chapter 9 of the manual. These annexes have not been included in the present publication. They are available for viewing at the Federal Highway Research Institute. References to these annexes in the text have been retained. (A)
Samenvatting