Visual considerations of man, the vehicle and the highway. I

This treatise represents a short physiological optics review for designers and users of automobiles. It starts with a description of the ma- and microscopic anatomy of the visual organ. The movements of the eye, the visual and fixation field are described and the sensory mechanisms which comprise adaptation, contrast sensitivity, acuity, perception of motion etc. In view of their importance in driving, special attention was given to the problems of glare, the time factor in vision, and the visual problems in motion. A comparison of visibility of red versus green concludes the paper.