Although every state prohibits persons aged < 21 years from driving with any measurable amount of blood alcohol, many young persons still drink and drive. Additionally, fatal crash data indicate that most teen drivers with positive (> 0.00%) blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) who are involved in fatal crashes have BACs ?0.08%, the level designated as illegal for adult drivers. CDC analyzed data from the 1991—2011 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) to describe the trend in prevalence of drinking and driving (defined as driving one or more times when they had been drinking alcohol during the 30 days before the survey) among U.S. high school students aged 16 years and older. The 2011 national YRBS data were used to describe selected subgroup differences in drinking and driving, and 2011 state YRBSs data were used to describe drinking and driving prevalence in 41 states. Results showed that during 1991—2011, the national prevalence of self-reported drinking and driving among high school students aged 16 years and older declined by 54%, from 22.3% to 10.3%. In 2011, 84.6% of students who drove after drinking also binge drank. Drinking and driving prevalence varied threefold across 41 states, from 4.6% in Utah to 14.5% in North Dakota; higher prevalences were clustered among states in the upper Midwest and along the Gulf Coast. It was concluded that although substantial progress has been made during the past 2 decades to reduce drinking and driving among teens, in 2011, one in 10 students aged 16 years and older reported driving after drinking during the past 30 days. Most students who drove after drinking alcohol also binge drank. Implications for Public Health Practice: Effective interventions to reduce drinking and driving among teens include enforcement of minimum legal drinking age laws, zero tolerance laws (i.e., no alcohol consumption allowed before driving for persons aged < 21 years), and graduated driver licensing systems. (Author/publisher)
Samenvatting