Where we have come from and where we must go with interactive vehicle-to-infrastructure wireless communications.

This paper reviews the history of wireless digital communications between vehicles and management/control infrastructures, including IVHS services evolution and standards status. Issues with draft standards are highlighted based on evolving requirements of vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. Several design solutions are discussed along with the benefits and shortcomings of each. Recommendations are made for wireless interconnect design considerations in new IVHS Freeway and Traffic Signal Systems. (A)