Road traffic collisions while at work are the single largest cause of occupational fatality in the United Kingdom. Work-related road collisions do not comprise a homogenous group, but take many forms, encompassing the use of varying types of vehicle used for diverse purposes. A sample of over 2000 collision cases was considered, over 1000 in detail, from UK police forces, involving drivers/workers of all ages, and covering the years 19962004 inclusive. There were three key findings. (1) There were six main classes of collision-involved vehicles. These were company cars, vans/pickups, large goods vehicles (LGVs), buses (PCVs or passenger carrying vehicles), taxis/minicabs, and emergency vehicles (police, fire/rescue and ambulance). (2) The drivers of company cars, vans/pickups, and large goods vehicles (LGVs) all appeared to have a high blameworthiness ratio in their collision involvement. Company car drivers showed excess speed as a causal factor, whereas van drivers showed more observational failures, and LGV drivers showed more fatigue and vehicle defects as factors. (3) The drivers of buses (PCVs), taxis/minicabs, and emergency vehicles showed a low blameworthiness ratio in their collision involvement. Their problems seemed to be primarily with the other drivers/parties with whom they share the road. While they made a variety of mistakes or errors, they were more likely to become the victim of another party's mistake or error. (A) Reprinted with permission from Elsevier.This study focuses on the possibility that providing the information on short-term trend of traffic condition (trend information) with exiting travel time information might affect the decision-makings of travelers and lead to the enhancement in traffic control by information provision. As an initial step to confirm the effectiveness of trend information, this study conducts the in-laboratory experiment to obtain a kind of panel data of route choices under the provision of information. In this study the parameters of Mixed Logit Model are estimated in order to statistically analyze the influences of trend information upon decision-makings of respondents considering the accuracy of information. The basic findings obtained in this study are as follows. 1)There is a strong possibility that the trend information may significantly affect the decision-makings on route choices of respondents. 2)The influence of information upon the decision-makings of respondents may depend upon the accuracy of both travel time information and trend one. 3)Judging from the estimated parameters of standard deviation of travel time information, there must be the heterogeneity in the sensitivity toward the travel time information among the respondents.
Samenvatting