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Since the seventies, the safety of car occupants has greatly improved, expressed in both the number of road crash fatalities and in mortality risk. Since 2011, however, the number of road deaths among car occupants has not decreased.
A light electric vehicle (LEV) is a light, electrically powered vehicle to travel relatively short distances. Most electric vehicles cannot be used on public roads in the Netherlands, whereas in many other European countries this is permitted. Not much is known about the safety of LEVs since large-scale, systematic research is hardly available.
Published:
(SWOV) | Oude Mulders, J.; Aarts, L.T.; Decae, R.J.; Bos, N.M.; Goldenbeld, Ch.; Schermers, G.; Mons, C.; Hoekstra, A.T.G.; Bijleveld, F.D.
Published:
(SWOV) | Craen, S. de; Bijleveld, F.D.; Bos, N.M.; Broek, L.J. van den; Dijkstra, A.; Eenink, R.G.; Weijermars, W.A.M.
Published:
(SWOV) | Schermers, G.; Goldenbeld, Ch.; Bijleveld, F.D.; Nabavi Niaki, M.; Weijermars, W.A.M.
Published:
(SWOV) | SWOV
From the age of 70, road users have an increased fatality rate as a result of a road crash. The fatality rate for older car drivers (70 or older) is 2.8 times higher than for younger drivers (under 60). Looking at cyclists and pedestrians, the difference in fatality rate is much greater: for older pedestrians it is 6.6 times higher, for older cyclists 12.4 times higher.
Several measures can be used to affect behaviour: enforcement, education and public communication, as well as vehicle and infrastructure measures. Measures that enforce or elicit safe behaviour are generally most effective, ensuring that road users do not have to (consciously) think to behave safely.
The social costs of road crashes in the Netherlands in 2022 are estimated at € 33 billion (between € 19 and € 44 billion), equivalent to 3.4% (1.9-4.6%) of the gross domestic product (GDP). This is significantly higher than other traffic-related social costs such as traffic congestion (€ 2.7 to € 3.5 billion) and environmental damage (€ 8.2 billion).
A bicycle helmet is intended to protect cyclists against head and brain injuries when they are involved in crashes. Research shows that in case of a crash helmeted cyclists are 60% less likely to sustain serious head/brain injuries and 70% less likely to sustain fatal head/brain injuries than cyclists not wearing a helmet.