Publicaties en bronnen

Antwoord

Hieronder vindt u de lijst met referenties uit deze factsheet; alle bronnen zijn in te zien of op te vragen. Via Publicaties vindt u, naast de hier gebruikte bronnen, nog een uitgebreide collectie aan literatuur op het gebied van verkeersveiligheid.

[1]. CBS Statline (2020). Verkeersprestaties personenauto's; kilometers, brandstofsoort, grondgebied. CBS. Geraadpleegd 28-06-2021 op opendata.cbs.nl/#/CBS/nl/dataset/80428ned/table?dl=4656F.

[2]. CBS (2020). Verkeersprestaties motorvoertuigen; kilometers, voertuigsoort, grondgebied. CBS. Geraadpleegd 19-11-2020 op opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/80302ned/table?fromstatweb.

[3]. Overheid.nl (2021). Regeling voertuigen. Regeling tot uitvoering de hoofdstukken III en VI van de Wegenverkeerswet 1994 (Regeling voertuigen). De Minister van Verkeer en Waterstaat. Geraadpleegd 18-08-2021 op wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0025798/2021-01-21.

[4]. European Parliament (2018). Regulation (EU) 2018/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on the approval and market surveillance of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, amending Regulations (EC) No 715/2007 and (EC) No 595/2009 and repealing Directive 2007/46/EC (Text with EEA relevance.). Document 32018R0858. Official Journal of the European Union, Brussels.

[5]. European Parliament (2019). Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on type-approval requirements for motor vehicles and their trailers, and systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, as regards their general safety and the protection of vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users, amending Regulation (EU) 2018/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulations (EC) No 78/2009, (EC) No 79/2009 and (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulations (EC) No 631/2009, (EU) No 406/2010, (EU) No 672/2010, (EU) No 1003/2010, (EU) No 1005/2010, (EU) No 1008/2010, (EU) No 1009/2010, (EU) No 19/2011, (EU) No 109/2011, (EU) No 458/2011, (EU) No 65/2012, (EU) No 130/2012, (EU) No 347/2012, (EU) No 351/2012, (EU) No 1230/2012 and (EU) 2015/166 (Text with EEA relevance). Document 32019R2144. Official Journal of the European Union, Brussels.

[6]. RDW (2021). APK. RDW. Geraadpleegd 11-06-2021 op www.rdw.nl/particulier/voertuigen/auto/apk.

[7]. European Parliament (2014). Directive 2014/45/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 on periodic roadworthiness tests for motor vehicles and their trailers and repealing Directive 2009/40/EC Text with EEA relevance. Document 32014L0045. Official Journal of the European Union, Brussels.

[8]. Kampen, B. van, Krop, W. & Schoon, C. (2005 ). Auto’s om veilig mee huis te komen. SWOV & RAI Vereniging, Leidschendam.

[9]. Kullgren, A., Axelsson, A., Stigson, H. & Ydenius, A. (2019). Developments in car crash safety and comparisons between results from EuroNCAP tests and real-world crashes. In: 26th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 10-13, 2019, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.

[10]. Vlakveld, W. (2019). Veiligheidseffecten van rijtaakondersteunende systemen. Bijlage bij het convenant van de ADAS Alliantie. R-2019-14. SWOV, Den Haag.

[11]. Høye, A. (2016). How would increasing seat belt use affect the number of killed or seriously injured light vehicle occupants? In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 88, p. 175-186.

[12]. Elvik, R., Høye, A., Vaa, T. & Sørensen, M. (2009). The handbook of road safety measures. Second edition. Emerald, UK.

[13]. Elliott, M.R., Kallan, M.J., Durbin, D.R. & Winston, F.K. (2006). Effectiveness of child safety seats vs seat belts in reducing risk for death in children in passenger vehicle crashes. In: Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, vol. 160, nr. 6, p. 617-621.

[14]. Zaloshnja, E., Miller, T.R. & Hendrie, D. (2007). Effectiveness of child safety seats vs safety belts for children aged 2 to 3 years. In: Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, vol. 161, nr. 1, p. 65-68.

[15]. Asbridge, M., Ogilvie, R., Wilson, M. & Hayden, J. (2018). The impact of booster seat use on child injury and mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies of booster seat effectiveness. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 119, p. 50-57.

[16]. EuroNCAP (2021). Side Pole. EuroNCAP. Geraadpleegd 11-06-2021 op www.euroncap.com/en/vehicle-safety/the-ratings-explained/adult-occupant-protection/lateral-impact/side-pole/.

[17]. Glassbrenner, D. & Starnes, M. (2009). Lives saved calculations for seat belts and frontal air bags. NHTSA Technical Report DOT HS 811 206.

[18]. Høye, A. (2010). Are airbags a dangerous safety measure? A meta-analysis of the effects of frontal airbags on driver fatalities. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 42, nr. 6, p. 2030-2040.

[19]. D’Elia, A., Newstead, S. & Scully, J. (2013). Evaluation of vehicle side airbag effectiveness in Victoria, Australia. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 54, p. 67-72.

[20]. Ferguson, S.A. (2007). The effectiveness of electronic stability control in reducing real-world crashes: A literature review. In: Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 8, nr. 4, p. 329-338.

[21]. Fildes, B., Keall, M., Bos, N., Lie, A., et al. (2015). Effectiveness of low speed autonomous emergency braking in real-world rear-end crashes. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 81, p. 24-29.

[22]. Cicchino, J.B. (2017). Effectiveness of forward collision warning and autonomous emergency braking systems in reducing front-to-rear crash rates. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 99, p. 142-152.

[23]. Douglas, J.W. & Schafer, T.C. (1971). The Chrysler 'Sure-Brake' – The first production four-wheel anti-skid system. In: SAE Transactions, vol. 80, p. 999-1008.

[24]. Ministerie van VenW (1992). Besluit van 14 februari 1992, houdende wijziging van het Reglement verkeersregels en verkeerstekens 1990. Staatsblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, stb-1992-100. Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat.

[25]. EC (1996). Commission Directive 96/37/EC of 17 June 1996 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 74/408/EEC relating to the interior fittings of motor vehicles (strength of seats and of their anchorages). Document 31996L0037. European Commission, Brussels.

[26]. European Parliament (2009). Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor (Text with EEA relevance). Document 32009R0661. Official Journal of the European Union.

[27]. UNECE (2021). UN Regulations (Addenda to the 1958 Agreement). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). Geraadpleegd 20-12-2021 op unece.org/un-regulations-addenda-1958-agreement.

[28]. Cummings, P. & Grossman, D.C. (2007). Antilock brakes and the risk of driver injury in a crash: A case–control study. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 39, nr. 5, p. 995-1000.

[29]. Burton, D., Delaney, A., Newstead, S., Logan, S., et al. (2004). Evaluation of anti-lock braking systems effectiveness. Report 04/01. Royal Automobile Club of Victoria Ltd, Australia.

[30]. EuroNCAP (2021). Head impact. EuroNCAP. Geraadpleegd 14-06-2021 op www.euroncap.com/en/vehicle-safety/the-ratings-explained/vulnerable-road-user-vru-protection/head-impact/.

[31]. European Parliament (2019). Regulation (EU) No 540/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the sound level of motor vehicles and of replacement silencing systems, and amending Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directive 70/157/EEC (Text with EEA relevance). Document 02014R0540-20190527.

[32]. Lewin, T. (2005). Autoliv designs pop-up hood for Jaguar XK. Automotive News Europe. Geraadpleegd 15-06-2021 op europe.autonews.com/article/20050905/ANE/509050820/autoliv-designs-pop-up-hood-for-jaguar-xk.

[33]. Jakobsson, L., Broberg, T., Karlsson, H., Fredriksson, A., et al. (2013). Pedestrian airbag technology – A production system. In: 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013, Seoul, South Korea.

[34]. Konet, H., Sato, M., Schiller, T., Christensen, A., et al. (2011). Development of Approaching Vehicle Sound for Pedestrians (VSP) for Quiet Electric Vehicles. In: SAE International Journal of Engines, vol. 4, nr. 1, p. 1217-1224.

[35]. EC (2019). Road safety: Commission welcomes agreement on new EU rules to help save lives. Press release. European Commission,, Brussels.

[36]. CBS (2020). Motorvoertuigenpark; type, leeftijdsklasse, 1 januari. CBS. Geraadpleegd 11-06-2021 op opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/82044NED/table?dl=4E048.

[37]. Fredette, M., Mambu, L.S., Chouinard, A. & Bellavance, F. (2008). Safety impacts due to the incompatibility of SUVs, minivans, and pickup trucks in two-vehicle collisions. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 40, nr. 6, p. 1987-1995.

[38]. Monfort, S.S. & Nolan, J.M. (2019). Trends in aggressivity and driver risk for cars, SUVs, and pickups: Vehicle incompatibility from 1989 to 2016. In: Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 20, nr. sup1, p. S92-S96.

[39]. Schipper, L. (2011). Automobile use, fuel economy and CO2 emissions in industrialized countries: Encouraging trends through 2008? In: Transport Policy, vol. 18, nr. 2, p. 358-372.

[40]. Hoogvelt, R.B.J., Vries, Y.W.R. de, Margarites, D., Tillaart, E. van den, et al. (2004). Impact of sport utility vehicles on traffic safety and the environment in The Netherlands. Report 04.OR.SA.065.1/RH. TNO Automotive, Delft, The Netherlands.

[41]. Baker, B.C., Nolan, J.M., O’Neill, B. & Genetos, A.P. (2008). Crash compatibility between cars and light trucks: Benefits of lowering front-end energy-absorbing structure in SUVs and pickups. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 40, nr. 1, p. 116-125.

[42]. Ossiander, E.M., Koepsell, T.D. & McKnight, B. (2013). Will the light truck bumper height-matching standard reduce deaths in cars? In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 51, p. 292-300.

[43]. Ashmead, D.H., Grantham, D.W., Maloff, E.S., Hornsby, B., et al. (2012). Auditory perception of motor vehicle travel paths. In: Human Factors, vol. 54, nr. 3, p. 437-453.

[44]. Barton, B.K., Ulrich, T.A. & Lew, R. (2012). Auditory detection and localization of approaching vehicles. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 49, p. 347-353.

[45]. Mori, Y. & Mizohata, M. (1995). Characteristics of older road users and their effect on road safety. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 27, nr. 3, p. 391-404.

46]. Stelling-Konczak, A., Hagenzieker, M. & Wee, G.P. van (2015). Traffic sounds and cycling safety: The use of electronic devices by cyclists and the quietness of hybrid and electric cars. In: Transport Reviews, vol. 35, nr. 4, p. 422-444.

[47]. European Parliament (2017). Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/1576 of 26 June 2017 amending Regulation (EU) No 540/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System requirements for vehicle EU-type approval (Text with EEA relevance). Document 32017R1576. Official Journal of the European Union, Brussels.

[48]. Fleury, S., Jamet, É., Roussarie, V., Bosc, L., et al. (2016). Effect of additional warning sounds on pedestrians’ detection of electric vehicles: An ecological approach. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 97, p. 176-185.

[49]. González-Hernández, J.M., Peral-Orts, R., Campillo-Davo, N., Poveda-Martínez, P., et al. (2017). Assessment of warning sound detectability for electric vehicles by outdoor tests. In: European Acoustics Association (EAA).

[50]. Tsuruta-Hamamura, M., Kobayashi, T., Kosuge, T., Tsujinaga, T., et al. (2019). Design of approach informing sound for quiet vehicles that indicates a car traveling. In: INTER-NOISE. June 16-19, 2019, Madrid, Spain.

[51]. Sun, P., Bisschop, R., Niu, H. & Huang, X. (2020). A review of battery fires in electric  vehicles. In: Fire Technology, vol. 56, nr. 4, p. 1361-1410.

[52]. Berends, E.M. (2009). De invloed van automassa op het letselrisico bij botsingen tussen twee personenauto's. Een kwantitatieve analyse. R-2009-5. SWOV, Leidschendam.

[53]. Fouda Mbarga, N., Abubakari, A.-R., Aminde, L.N. & Morgan, A.R. (2018). Seatbelt use and risk of major injuries sustained by vehicle occupants during motor-vehicle crashes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. In: BMC Public Health, vol. 18, nr. 1, p. 1413.

[54]. Ekambaram, K., Frampton, R. & Lenard, J. (2019). Factors associated with chest injuries to front seat occupants in frontal impacts. In: Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 20, nr. sup2, p. S37-S42.

[55]. Bose, D., Segui-Gomez, M. & Crandall, J.R. (2011). Vulnerability of female drivers involved in motor vehicle crashes: an analysis of US population at risk. In: American Journal of Public Health, vol. 101, nr. 12, p. 2368-2373.

[56]. Linder, A. & Svensson, M.Y. (2019). Road safety: the average male as a norm in vehicle occupant crash safety assessment. In: Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, vol. 44, nr. 2, p. 140-153.

[57]. Linder, A. & Svedberg, W. (2019). Review of average sized male and female occupant models in European regulatory safety assessment tests and European laws: Gaps and bridging suggestions. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 127, p. 156-162.

[58]. Ridella, S., Rupp, J. & Poland, K. (2012). Age‐related differences in AIS 3+ crash injury risk, types, causation and mechanisms. In: Proceedings of the Internatonal IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012, Dublin, Ireland.

[59]. Goudappel Coffeng (2010). Beveiligingsmiddelen in de auto 2010. Goudappel Coffeng in opdracht van Directoraat-Generaal Rijkswaterstaat, Dienst Verkeer en Scheepvaart DVS, Delft.

[60]. Mak, P. (2020). Apparatuurgebruik, gordeldracht en gebruik kinderzitjes door automobilisten en chauffeurs: in auto's, bestelwagens en vrachtwagens. Rijkswaterstaat. Onderzoek uitgevoerd door NDC Nederland, Goudappel Coffeng.

[61]. Davidse, R.J., Duijvenvoorde, K. van & Louwerse, W.J.R. (2020). Dodelijke verkeersongevallen op rijkswegen in 2019. Analyse van ongevals- en letselfactoren en daaruit volgende aanknopingspunten voor maatregelen. R-2020-29. SWOV, Den Haag.

[62]. Davidse, R.J., Duijvenvoorde, K. van & Louwerse, W.J.R. (2020). Dodelijke verkeersongevallen op rijkswegen in 2018. Analyse van ongevals- en letselfactoren en daaruit volgende aanknopingspunten voor maatregelen. R-2020-26. SWOV, Den Haag.

[63]. NSIA (2020). Report on a head-on collision between a passenger car and a van on the E39 at Austefjorden, Volda, Møre og Romsdal on 20 October 2019. Report 2020-07. Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority, Lillestrøm, Norway.

[64]. Acar, B.S., Edwards, A.M. & Aldah, M. (2018). Correct use of three-point seatbelt by pregnant occupants. In: Safety, vol. 4, nr. 1, p. 1.

[65]. McMurry, T.L., Forman, J.L., Shaw, G. & Crandall, J.R. (2020). Evaluating the influence of knee airbags on lower limb and whole-body injury. In: Traffic Inj Prev, vol. 21, nr. 1, p. 72-77.

[66]. Hallman, J.J., Brasel, K.J., Yoganandan, N. & Pintar, F.A. (2009). Splenic trauma as an adverse effect of torso-protecting side airbags: biomechanical and case evidence. In: Annals of advances in automotive medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference, vol. 53, nr. 13-24.

[67]. NHTSA (2008). Counts of frontal airbag related fatalities and seriously injured persons. AB0708. Department of Transportation DOT, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NHTSA, National Center for Statistics & Analysis NCSA, Washington, D.C.

[68]. Funk, J.R., Cormier, J.M., Bain, C.E., Wirth, J.L., et al. (2012). Factors affecting ejection risk in rollover crashes. In: 56th AAAM Annual Conference Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine. October 14-17, 2012.  p. 203-2011.

[69]. Trempel, R.E., Zuby, D.S. & Edwards, M.A. (2016). IIHS head restraint ratings and insurance injury claim rates. In: Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 17, nr. 6, p. 590-596.

[70]. Schoon, C.C. (1995). Technische aspecten omtrent aanwezigheid en gebruik van hoofdsteunen. Een studie uitgevoerd ten behoeve van de RAI. R-95-30. SWOV, Leidschendam.

[71]. Viano, D.C. & Gargan, M.F. (1996). Headrest position during normal driving: Implication to neck injury risk in rear crashes. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 28, nr. 6, p. 665-674.

[72]. Strandroth, J., Rizzi, M., Olai, M., Lie, A., et al. (2012). The effects of studded tires on fatal crashes with passenger cars and the benefits of electronic stability control (ESC) in Swedish winter driving. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 45, p. 50-60.

[73]. Malmivuo, M., Luoma, J. & Porthin, M. (2017). Studded and unstudded winter tires in fatal road accidents in Finland. In: Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 18, nr. 5, p. 550-555.

[74]. TCS (2009). Leistungs- und kostenvergleich sommer-, winter- und ganzjahresreifen. Touring Club Schweiz, Emmen (Luzern), Zwitserland.

[75]. ANWB (2021). Winterbanden en sneeuwkettingen in het buitenland. Geraadpleegd 01-10-2021 op www.anwb.nl/auto/banden/winterbanden/winterbanden-in-het-buitenland.

[76]. Garrott, W.R. & Mazzae, E.N. (1999). An overview of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s light vehicle Antilock Brake Systems research program. Technical Paper1999-01-1286. SAE International.

[77]. Ashenbrenner, K.M., Biehl, B. & Wurm, G.W. (1987). Einfluss Der Risikokompensation auf die Wirkung von Verkehrsicherheitsmassnahmen am Beispiel ABS. Schriftenreihe Unfall- und Sicherheitsforschung Strassenverkehr. Heft 63, 65-70. Bundesanstalt für Strassenwesen (BASt), Bergisch Gladbach.

[78]. Mazzae, E., Garrott, W.R. & Barickman, F. (2001). NHTSA light vehicle Antilock Brake System research program task 7.1: Examination of ABS-related driver behavioral adaptation – license plate study. DOT HS 809 430.

[79]. Erke, A. (2008). Effects of electronic stability control (ESC) on accidents: A review of empirical evidence. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 40, nr. 1, p. 167-173.

[80]. Christoph, M.W.T. (2010). Schatting van verkeersveiligheidseffecten van intelligente voertuigsystemen. Een literatuurstudie. R-2010-8. SWOV, Leidschendam.

[81]. Arbogast, K.B., Durbin, D.R., Cornejo, R.A., Kallan, M.J., et al. (2004). An evaluation of the effectiveness of forward facing child restraint systems. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 36, nr. 4, p. 585-589.

[82]. Nance, M.L., Lutz, N., Arbogast, K.B., Cornejo, R.A., et al. (2004). Optimal restraint reduces the risk of abdominal injury in children involved in motor vehicle crashes. In: Annals of surgery, vol. 239, nr. 1, p. 127-131.

[83]. Cornelissen, M., Kemler, E. & Hermans, M. (2018). Veilig vervoer van kinderen in de auto. Onderzoek bij kinderen van 0 t/m 8 jaar. Rapport 758. VeiligheidNL, Amsterdam.

[84]. Schoeters, A. & Lequeux, Q. (2018). Klikken we onze kinderen wel veilig vast? Resultaten van de nationale Vias-gedragsmeting over het gebruik van kinderbeveiligingssystemen 2017. Vias institute –Kenniscentrum Verkeersveiligheid, Brussel.

[85]. Kapoor, T., Altenhof, W., Snowdon, A., Howard, A., et al. (2011). A numerical investigation into the effect of CRS misuse on the injury potential of children in frontal and side impact crashes. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 43, nr. 4, p. 1438-1450.

[86]. Ma, X., Layde, P. & Zhu, S. (2012). Association between child restraint systems use and injury in motor vehicle crashes. In: Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 19, nr. 8, p. 916-923.

[87]. Oh, C., Kang, Y.-s. & Kim, W. (2008). Assessing the safety benefits of an advanced vehicular technology for protecting pedestrians. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 40, nr. 3, p. 935-942.

[88]. Fredriksson, R. & Rosén, E.A.O. (2014). Head injury reduction potential of integrated pedestrian protection systems based on accident and experimental data – Benefit of  combining passive and active systems. In: IRCOBI conference 2014. Berlin, Germany.  p. 603-613.

[89]. Rodarius, C., Mordaka, J. & Versmissen, T. (2008). Bicycle safety in bicycle to car accidents. TNO-033-HM-2008-00354. TNO.

[90]. EU (2020). UN Regulation No 127 – Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to their pedestrian safety performance [2020/638]. PUB/2020/334. Official Journal of the European Union, Brussels.

[91]. Hermitte, T. (2016). Passenger car -Technical defect / Maintenance. European Road Safety Decision Support System, developed by the H2020 project SafetyCube. Geraadpleegd 05-11-2021 op www.roadsafety-dss.eu.

[92]. RDW (2021). APK-keuringsschema. Geraadpleegd 16-06-2021 op www.rdw.nl/particulier/paginas/apk-keuringsschema.

[93]. Rijksoverheid (2020). Van Nieuwenhuizen stelt oldtimers vrij van APK-plicht. Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat. Geraadpleegd 16-06-2021 op www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2020/12/11/van-nieuwenhuizen-stelt-oldtimers-vrij-van-apk-plicht.

[94]. Lie, A. & Tingvall, C. (2002). How do Euro NCAP results correlate with real-life injury risks? A paired comparison study of car-to-car crashes. In: Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 3, nr. 4, p. 288-293.

[95]. Kullgren, A., Lie, A. & Tingvall, C. (2010). Comparison between Euro NCAP test results and real-world crash data. In: Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 11, nr. 6, p. 587-593.

[96]. Strandroth, J., Rizzi, M., Sternlund, S., Lie, A., et al. (2011). The correlation between pedestrian injury severity in real-life crashes and Euro NCAP pedestrian test results. In: Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 12, nr. 6, p. 604-613.

[97]. Pastor, C. (2013). Correlation between pedestrian injury severity in real-life crashes and Euro NCAP pedestrian test results. In: 23rd Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference. May 27-30, 2013, Seoul, Korea.

[98]. ETSC (2016). How safe are new cars sold in the EU? An analysis of the market penetration of Euro NCAP-rated cars. PIN Flash report 30. European Transport Safety Council.

[99]. EC (2018). Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on type-approval requirements for motor vehicles and their trailers, and systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, as regards their general safety and the protection of vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users, amending Regulation (EU) 2018/… and repealing Regulations (EC) No 78/2009, (EC) No 79/2009 and (EC) No 661/2009. COM/2018/286 final - 2018/0145 (COD). European Commission, Brussels.

[100]. Minister van JenV (2018). Aanpak rijden onder invloed van alcohol. 29398-588. Brief regering dd. 7 maart 2018. F.B.J. Grapperhaus, minister van Justitie en Veiligheid en C. van Nieuwenhuizen Wijbenga, minister van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat.

[101]. ETSC (2021). Intelligent Speed Assistance set for launch on all new EU vehicle types from 2022. European Transport Safety Council. Geraadpleegd 24-06-2021 op etsc.eu/intelligent-speed-assistance-set-for-launch-on-all-new-eu-vehicle-types-from-2022/.

[102]. Carter, P.M., Flannagan, C.A.C., Reed, M.P., Cunningham, R.M., et al. (2014). Comparing the effects of age, BMI and gender on severe injury (AIS 3+) in motor-vehicle crashes. In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 72, p. 146-160.

[103]. Maarseveen, R. van, Tijm, J. & Zwaneveld, P. (2018). De fiscale behandeling van voertuigveiligheid. CPB Policy Brief 2018/11. Centraal Planbureau, Den Haag.

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Veilige personenauto’s

De veiligheid van auto-inzittenden is sinds de jaren ’70 sterk verbeterd, zowel uitgedrukt in het aantal doden door ongevallen, als in het Meer

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